What Causes Flooding and Will My Homeowners Insurance Cover Flood Damage

Few things wreak havoc on a home quite like flooding. Whether or not your home is in a flood zone, you may still be at risk. The Insurance Information Institute (III) estimates that water damage, including flooding, is the second most common cause of homeowners insurance claims, accounting for 29.4% of claims in 2020. To protect your home, family, and belongings from flooding it’s important to understand how flooding occurs, how to mitigate potential flooding, and whether your insurance covers this common type of damage.

What Causes Flooding?

Flooding can be caused by various factors, primarily stemming from an imbalance in the natural water cycle or human-induced alterations to the environment. Some common causes include:

1. Heavy Rainfall: Intense or prolonged periods of rainfall can surpass the land's capacity to absorb water, leading to oversaturation and subsequent runoff.
2. Rapid Snowmelt: Sudden warm weather or rain can accelerate the melting of snow, causing an influx of water that the land may not be able to handle.
3. Storm Surges: Coastal flooding can be induced by tropical storms or hurricanes, where strong winds and low pressure cause a rise in sea level.
4. Overflowing Rivers: Riverine flooding occurs when rivers or streams overflow their banks due to excessive rainfall or melting snow, leading to the inundation of nearby areas.
5. Failure of Dams or Levees: Structural failure or breaches in dams, levees, or other water containment systems can result in significant flooding downstream.
6. Urbanization and Land Development: Urban areas with extensive concrete surfaces and inadequate drainage systems may experience increased runoff, exacerbating flooding.
7. Deforestation and Land Use Changes: Alterations in land surfaces, such as deforestation or changes in natural landscapes, can impact the absorption and flow of water, contributing to flooding.
8. Climate Change: Changing climate patterns, such as increased precipitation or more severe weather events, can contribute to heightened flood risks.

How Can Flooding Damage Your Home?

1. Structural Damage: Water can compromise a house's structural integrity by weakening the foundation, walls, and supports. Prolonged exposure to water can lead to warping, cracking, or even collapse.
2. Foundation Issues: Saturated soil and hydrostatic pressure can cause the foundation to crack or shift. This compromises the stability of the entire structure.
3. Electrical Damage: Floodwater can damage electrical systems, leading to short circuits, fires, or even electrocution risks. It's crucial to have a professional inspect and repair electrical systems after a flood.
4. Appliances and Utilities: Floodwater can damage and render appliances like water heaters, furnaces, and washing machines inoperable. It can also affect the functionality of the plumbing system.
5. Mold and Mildew: Moisture from flooding creates an ideal environment for mold and mildew growth, which not only damages the house but also poses health risks to inhabitants.
6. Contamination: Floodwater often carries contaminants, including bacteria, chemicals, and sewage, which can severely affect the hygiene and safety of a home. These contaminants can be difficult to remove and may require professional cleaning.
7. Interior Damage: Carpets, walls, insulation, and furniture can be irreparably damaged by exposure to water, leading to significant financial losses.

How to Protect Your Home from Flood Damage

Protecting your home from flood damage involves a combination of preventative measures and proactive steps. Here are some strategies to consider:

1. Elevate Electrical Systems: Elevate switches, sockets, circuit breakers, and wiring at least a foot above the expected flood level to reduce the risk of electrical damage.
2. Waterproofing and Sealing: Apply sealants to basement walls and floors to prevent seepage. Install sump pumps and consider waterproof barriers or coatings to protect against water intrusion.
3. Proper Drainage: Ensure proper grading around the house so that water flows away from the foundation. Maintain gutters, downspouts, and extenders to direct water away from the house.
4. Flood Barriers and Sandbags: Consider installing flood barriers, such as sandbags, temporary shields, or flood gates, to redirect water away from your home during emergencies.
5. Elevate Appliances and Systems: Elevate heating systems, water heaters, and other major appliances above potential flood levels. Anchor them securely to prevent movement in case of flooding.
6. Modify Landscaping: Landscaping changes, such as grading, adding rain gardens, or using porous materials, can help absorb excess water and reduce runoff.
7. Flood Insurance: Purchase flood insurance if you live in an area prone to flooding. Standard home insurance often doesn't cover flood damage, so this specific coverage is essential.
8. Regular Maintenance: Inspect and maintain your home regularly. Check for leaks, cracks, or vulnerabilities that could worsen during a flood.

Combining these strategies with an understanding of the risks specific to your area will better prepare your home to withstand potential flooding and minimize damage.

Will My Homeowner's Insurance Cover Flood Damage? 

Typically, standard homeowner's insurance does not cover flood damage. Homeowner's insurance usually covers damages from specific perils like fire, windstorms, and theft, but it excludes coverage for flooding.

To protect your home from flood damage, you'll need a separate flood insurance policy. This coverage is often provided through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) in the United States and may be available through private insurers as well. NFIP policies are sold and serviced by private insurers but are backed by the federal government.

It's important to note that there is usually a waiting period before a flood insurance policy takes effect, typically 30 days after purchase. Therefore, it's wise to secure coverage well before any anticipated flood risks.

Flood insurance covers structural damage to the building and its foundation, as well as certain items within the home. It's important to review the policy specifics, as coverage may vary based on the insurer and the plan chosen.

If you live in an area prone to flooding or even if you're not in a high-risk zone, considering flood insurance could be a valuable safeguard against potential damage to your home.

Ask the Professionals at Connell & Curley Insurance Agency Inc 

If you have more questions about flood insurance, our professionals are standing by to assist you. Whether you need assistance reviewing your current policy or help with a new policy, Connell & Curley Insurance Agency Inc. has the experience and expertise to make sure your home is protected from whatever nature might bring your way. Give us a call today at (508) 470-0053.